What Is A Box Camera
Box cameras are the earliest class of camera type, originating in the 19th century and afterwards evolving into simple rollfilm models which remained popular as cameras for beginners until the 1960s.
Contents
- 1 History
- 1.1 Boxes as a means to popularize photography
- 1.2 Boxes for beginners
- 2 Midcentury: The box camera evolves
- 2.1 Boxes for pretenders
- 3 The decline
- 3.1 Box photographic camera types
- 4 Notes
History
Box cameras are the oldest class of photographic cameras. The outset camera ever used for making persistent photographic images was the large wooden box camera that Nicéphore Niépce used for experimental photography in the mid-1820s. When Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre joined his developments of new photographic processes they already used box cameras with iris diaphragm. Daguerre gave Niépce such a camera. Concerning lenses they had dissimilar preferences, Daguerre liked the colour corrected (achromatic) version of the periscopic lens of optician-engineer Dr. Wollaston, Niépce sought the assistance of the opticians Vincent and Charles Chevalier. Some years later William Henry Play tricks Talbot fabricated his photographic experiments. He had a whole series of piddling box cameras ("mousetraps") to be able to make several exposures on one sunny solar day - exposure times were very long in those pioneering days. The box design of all these pioneer cameras was derived from a certain variant of the camera obscura.
When Daguerre could present a photographic procedure with acceptable exposure times in 1839 he made plans for a very heavy wooden box camera that became the model for many early photographic cameras: A box with an open up back, and a pigsty in the middle of the forepart to mountain a lens or a diaphragm and a lens. Shutters were not needed, the lens cap was sufficient. A 2nd box, one with open forepart side, held in its back the lite sensitive plate in its holder, or the focusing basis glass instead. The second box had to be pushed like a drawer into the outer box. Focusing was made with open lens, wide discontinuity and ground drinking glass in the back by shifting the inner box for- or backward until the image subject appeared sharply on the screen. Since the sliding drawer should non hang in its position the bottom plate of the outer box was of double length and then that the inner box was always moved on this aeroplane. Alphonse Giroux was the maker of the biggest series of Daguerre'south original photographic camera "Le Daguerreotype", some fabricated of fine walnut wood. He used achromatic lenses of the optician Charles Chevalier. Optician Bianchi produced a similar photographic camera, probably with own lenses but the woodwork done by the same craftsmen that made Giroux'southward cameras. It's supposed that the Susse brothers made a small series of "Le Daguerreotype" too. In 2007 such a camera appeared for the commencement time in a photographica auction. 168 years after the product of the original camera the successful bidder must have a strong belief in its authenticity. Other early makers of sliding box cameras for the daguerreotype or the talbotype process were Gaudin & Lerebours (F), James Ottevill (GB) and John Roberts (Usa) also every bit many unknown craftsmen of the 1840s.
Boxes as a means to popularize photography
Even at the commencement, amateurs participated in the photography concern, at to the lowest degree equally customers for photographic material. But traveling was expensive, and photographic camera equipment was heavy, so that a camera was non in the luggage of fifty-fifty many rich travelers. Merely by the end of the 19th century, circumstances were changing. Dry plates, roll motion picture, drugstores with darkrooms to rent, cloth and infrastructure were emerging to back up a spreading of apprentice photography. And traveling was condign easy and affordable since the railway networks reached a loftier density and trains were much faster.
The industry had to invent piece of cake-to-use cameras for all the new potential camera buyers. Box cameras were i key product in that market. They contained a simple photographic camera technology, the best for mass production. And they offered the convenience of making a whole serial of photos without reloading. In 1888 the Kodak Photographic camera with built-in 100-exposure newspaper movie coil was simply the offset of many rollfilm box cameras that appeared on the market. With clever marketing and advertisement the cameras found more than and more customers. Simply the film plates and sail film got a chance on that market through some other type of box camera, the magazine camera. The related camera makers produced several ingenious plate change mechanisms. The magazine box cameras eventually vanished by the 1920s.
Boxes for beginners
In 1896 Zar fabricated the first very cheap entry-level box camera. In 1900, a Yale plate box photographic camera cost just $2, including a complete developing/press/toning kit. The box cameras for unmarried motion picture plates were shortly eclipsed past Kodak's 1900 introduction of a $one box camera for roll flick, the first Brownie. This concept of an affordable, simple camera was what brought photography to a mass market. Some other new marketing theme arose when the international boy sentry movement was launched. Many Photographic camera makers and then offered "Picket" models: Seneca, Pho-Tak, Kodak, Lumière, Regal. When Kodak celebrated its 50th jubilee it even gave box cameras to 550.000 American pupils. In Deutschland Agfa launched a entrada in the 1930s. People could buy an Agfa Box 44 photographic camera for four marks, below the product cost. Agfa recuperated the loss via film sales.
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| typical shutter arrangement backside box camera forepart-plate(Prototype rights) |
Midcentury: The box camera evolves
The 1946 redesign of the Ensign Ful-Vue was a new approach to box camera design, with a handsome and with a very large viewfinder. New developments in plastics molding, such as bakelite, meant manufacturers were no longer express to the erstwhile rectilinear shape: fanciful styling could assist add eye entreatment in what was becoming a mass consumer product. The term "box camera" was evolving, and past the 1950s meant whatsoever simple, rigid-bodied amateur camera defective much in the way of exposure or focus adjustments.[one]. But box cameras connected their part as approachable "starter" cameras, aimed at those lacking the money or technical understanding to purchase more than complicated models.
Boxes for pretenders
A special category amongst the box cameras is the pseudo TLR. The Rolleiflex and other twin-lens reflex cameras had become widely-admired—and in fact, imitations of information technology were a major segment of 1950s Japanese camera industry. Just thank you to inexpensive bakelite moldings, for a few dollars whatsoever amateur could walk around with something looking similar. The difference versus a real twin lens reflex camera is that the top lens is only a cheap vivid finder, and the whole reflex focusing concept is dropped in favor of fixed focus lenses. Despite the pseudo TLRs' frequently poor image quality they were the industry's way to lure many consumers.
The reject
The rollfilm boxes stayed pop as beginners' cameras until the 1950s, some plastic models fifty-fifty until the 1960s. The reject of the classic box camera began in 1963 when Kodak introduced its drop-in 126 film cartridge, every bit film loading had remained one complexity that oftentimes stumped beginners. Its Instamatic cameras were a runaway sales success, and amateur roll-film box cameras went into steep refuse. Merely nigh Instamatics remained box cameras in spirit equally the most popular models remained just every bit non-adjustable as the before cameras had been. Today, a few varnished-forest pinhole box cameras for sail film are available, echoing dorsum to the very earliest box cameras made.
The lasting success of the inexpensive plate and rollfilm box cameras is that they helped to make photography an hands affordable pastime for everybody. Some of the late bakelite and plastic models had a built-in wink for flashbulbs, thus looking forwards to modernistic compact cameras.
The lasting success of box cameras lives on in the many photographs taken with them from 1896 (the first very cheap box camera) to the 1960s, priceless images which fill many old family albums.
Box camera types
 | sliding box camera for daguerreotype and talbotype photography makers: nigh are unknown, the showtime one was Alphonse Giroux |
 | box camera for single plates makers: Zar, Yale, Ernemann |
 | box photographic camera for multiple plates or magazine camera makers: Dr. Krügener, Adams & Westlake, Houghtons, Suter, Gaumont, Rokuoh-sha and others |
 | box camera for roll motion picture, the most successful box camera conception makers: Emil Wünsche, H.J. Redding, Alfred Kemper, Kodak, Konishiroku, Conley, Houghton-Butcher, Agfa, Lumière and others |
 | box camera for curl film with built-in wink, early on predecessor of the mod compact camera makers: Kodak, Spartus, Philips image by John Kratz (Image rights) |
 | pseudo TLR for roll film makers: Ansco, Argus,Voigtländer, Alsaphot, Haking, Kodak, Ginrei and others |
Box-shaped cameras with more advanced mechanism like the early instant photographic camera Appareil Dubroni No 1 or old semi-folding SLR cameras or real TLR cameras are not classified every bit box cameras. The class of box cameras is divers past simpler camera construction and limited controls. However, ane remarkable maker must exist mentioned here: Charles Louis Chevalier who was the start successful maker of collapsible box cameras, a photographic camera type between box and folder, after improved by other makers.
Notes
- ↑ "What Kind of Camera for You?" in Popular Mechanics magazine (USA), Feb 1955; at Google Books
Source: http://camera-wiki.org/wiki/Box_camera
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